Once a rigidly-rotating spiral wave destabilizes in a Hopf bifurcation, meandering or drifting spiral waves bifurcate. Meandering spiral waves come in two flavors, namely inwardly and outwardly meandering spirals. It is the motion of their tip that distinguishes these spirals from a rotating spiral wave. The Hopf bifurcation adds another frequency to the temporal dynamics of the bifurcating spiral waves. Below are pictures and movies of the tip motion of rigidly rotating, inwardly meandering, drifting, and outwardly meandering spiral waves.
Author Institutional Affiliation | University of Minnesota, School of Mathematics |
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Author Postal Mail | 206 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, US phone: 1-612-625-4065 |
Notes | Numerical simulations variants of the FitzHugh-Nagumo equation, based on the software EZSpiral. |
Keywords | Spiral waves, Meandering, FitzHugh-Nagumo, EZSpiral |